Reduction of the environmental impact, energy efficiency and optimization of material resources are basic aspects in the design and sizing of a battery. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the environmental impact associated with the life cycle of a 7.47 Wh 18,650 cylindrical single-cell LiFePO4 battery. Life cycle assessment (LCA), the …
Based on aforementioned battery degradation mechanisms, impacts (i.e. emission of greenhouse gases, the energy consumed during production, and raw material depletion) (McManus, 2012) during production, use and end of battery''s life stages are considered which require the attention of researchers and decision-makers.These mechanisms …
A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Electric vehicle Sustainability Lithium metal Life cycle assessment Life cycle cost A B S T R A C T Using a lithium metal negative electrode may give lithium metal ...
The production of battery materials has been identified as the main contributor to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. ... We performed a cradle-to-gate attributional LCA for the production of natural graphite powder that is used as negative electrode material for current lithium-ion ...
Further, studies focused on the cost perspective have explored the economic feasibility of flow battery production (Dmello et al., 2016; Ha and Gallagher, 2015; Viswanathan et al., 2014) In contrast, little to no assessment of the environmental impact due to flow battery production has been undertaken (L''Abbate et al., 2019; Weber et al., 2018).
Figure 1 introduces the current state-of-the-art battery manufacturing process, which includes three major parts: electrode preparation, cell assembly, and battery electrochemistry activation. First, the active material (AM), conductive additive, and binder are mixed to form a uniform slurry with the solvent. For the cathode, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is …
Deposited carbon-derived graphite was demonstrated as a useful negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and delivered a high reversible capacity of 325 mA h g⁻¹ and an excellent ...
KEYWORDS: lithium-ion battery, recycling, anode, graphite, life cycle assessment, environmental impact, ecodesign, circular economy INTRODUCTION Since their commercialization in the early 90s, the ...
The impact of global climate change caused by GHG emissions and environmental pollution has emerged and poses a significant threat to the sustainable development of human society (Pfeifer et al., 2020; Qerimi et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2022).According to the International Energy Agency, global GHG emissions were as high as …
In the life cycle impact assessment, data from material, energy and waste flows is condensed to a set of environmental impact categories. For example, emissions of CO 2, …
Sustainable battery production with low environmental footprints requires a systematic assessment of the entire value chain, from raw material extraction and processing to battery production and ...
Porous carbon aerogel material has gained an increasing attraction for developing supercapacitor electrodes due to its cost-effective synthesis process and relatively high electrochemical performance. However, the environmental performances of supercapacitor electrodes produced from different carbon aerogel materials are never …
With the emergence of portable electronics and electric vehicle adoption, the last decade has witnessed an increasing fabrication of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The future development of LIBs is threatened by the limited reserves of virgin materials, while the inadequate management of spent batteries endangers environmental and human health. …
Environmental Impact Assessment of Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries ... the positive electrode or the cathode gets oxidized and the negative electrode or the anode gets lithiated. ... (for instance, manufacture energy requirements have been highlighted as a main driver of the GWP during battery production). Second, ...
As new data emerges regarding the climate impact of producing key battery materials, such as lithium (Chordia et al., 2022;Schenker et al., 2022), cobalt (Cobalt Institute, 2019; Dai et al., 2018 ...
The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were studied in a sealed three-electrode Teflon cell with a working electrode based on the material under study, a lithium counter electrode, a reference electrode, and an electrolyte based on a 1 M solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl ...
We performed a cradle-to-gate attributional LCA for the production of natural graphite powder that is used as negative electrode material for current lithium-ion batteries …
The full impact of novel battery compounds on the environment is still uncertain and could cause further hindrances in recycling and containment efforts. Currently, only a handful of countries are able to recycle mass-produced lithium batteries, accounting for only 5% of the total waste of the total more than 345,000 tons in 2018.
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. Purpose Life cycle assessment (LCA) literature evaluating environmental burdens from lithium-ion battery (LIB) production facilities lacks an understanding of how environmental burdens have changed over time due to a transition to large-scale production.
The battery of a Tesla Model S, for example, has about 12 kilograms of lithium in it; grid storage needed to help balance renewable energy would need a lot more lithium given the size of the battery required. …
The present work was carried with the objective to check the environmental impact of leaching with mild phosphoric acid by using the material and energy flow data obtained from laboratory experiments.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method to evaluate the environmental impact of a product during its life cycle processes. LCA can help to improve the sustainable design of the product by identifying the process with key impact (Guinée, 2001; Finnveden et al., 2009).Thus, it has become an important tool for providing a basis to support policy decisions …
The environmental impacts of six state-of-the-art solid polymer electrolytes for solid lithium-ion batteries are quantified using the life cycle assessment methodology. Solid-state batteries play a pivotal role in the next …
Electrochemical storage systems are an enabling solution for the electric system ecological transition, allowing a deeper penetration of nonprogrammable renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar energy. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are state of the art energy storage technology. Nevertheless, LIBs show critical problems linked to their production, …
The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in smartphones, electric vehicles (EVs), and other energy storage devices should be correlated with their environmental impacts from production to usage and recycling. As the use of LIBs grows, so does the number of waste LIBs, demanding a recycling procedure as a sustainable resource and safer for the …
When a battery discharges, lithium ion flows from the negative to the positive electrode; however, when a battery charges, lithium ion flows from the positive to the negative electrode[11]. The schematic representation of a lithium-ion battery cell is as shown in Figure A2 in Appendix A [10].
As an important part of electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery packs will have a certain environmental impact in the use stage. To analyze the comprehensive environmental impact, 11 lithium-ion ...
The material recovered from the recycling process of electrodes, which include direct recycling, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches, can be reused in the electrode manufacturing phase to obtain a new battery with …
The extraction of key materials such as lithium, used for the battery''s negative electrode, various metals (cobalt, nickel, lanthanum, and cerium), and ceramics for solid electrolytes poses significant environmental challenges [26,27]. Mining activities for these materials can lead to habitat destruction, water contamination, and a decrease ...
Lithium metal and silicon nanowires, with higher specific capacity than graphite, are the most promising alternative advanced anode materials for use in next-generation batteries. By comparing three batteries …
Lithium ion battery: Positive electrode negative electrode conductive agent (carbon black) ... the key materials of the battery production are determined according to the order of the proportion. ... In order to analyze the degree of influence on the environmental impact assessment results of the key process data and determine the optimization ...
Compared with negative electrode lithium replenishment, which has low safety from lithium metal and high process requirements, positive electrode lithium replenishment material can be added directly and uniformly in positive electrode slurry without additional process and low cost, which is regarded as the most promising lithium replenishment ...
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